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1kb DNA Ladder
◮Aia ka 1Kb DNA Ladder i 13 mau kaula ʻelua o DNA, a ʻo ka ʻike pālua o 1kb a me 5kb he mea kōkua ia e ʻike i nā ʻāpana like ʻole.Ma lalo o 1kb, hoʻohui ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻāpana o 250bp, 500bp, a me 750bp, a hiki ke helu ʻia ka nui o ka ʻāpana pōkole ma muli o kēia.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o nā pūna ʻehā o 6kb, 7kb, 8kb, a me 10kb, he mea maikaʻi ia e loaʻa ai kahi hopena hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi.
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100bp DNA Alanui
◮Hoʻokumu ʻia ka 100bp DNA Ladder me 13 mau kaula pālua o ka DNA, kahi i pāpālua ʻia ka manaʻo o 200bp, 500bp, a me 1000bp, e kōkua ana e lanakila i ka pilikia o nā ʻāpana pōkole i nāwaliwali i ka mālamalama a paʻakikī ke ʻike ma waena o nā kaula.Ma luna o 1000bp, hoʻohui ʻia ʻekolu mau pūʻulu o 1200bp, 1500bp, a me 2000bp, hiki ke helu ʻia e like me ka nui o ka ʻāpana DNA ma waena o 1000-2000bp.
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