ʻO nā microorganisms pathogenic nā microorganisms hiki ke hoʻokomo i ke kino o ke kanaka, hoʻoulu i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha, a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi pathogens.Ma waena o nā pathogens, bacteria a me nā maʻi ʻoi loa ka pōʻino.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka maʻi a me ka make o ke kanaka.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻololi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau antimicrobial i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, hāʻawi i ke kanaka i "mea kaua" e hakakā ai i nā maʻi, a me ka hana ʻana hoʻi, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kino, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻano pathogens e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi maʻi, me nā maʻi maʻi, bacteria, fungi a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe.I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, a me ka pale ʻana i ke olakino o nā kānaka

Pono ke ola kino i nā ʻenehana hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka wikiwiki.No laila he aha nā ʻenehana ʻike microbiological?

01 ʻano ʻike kuʻuna

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike kuʻuna o nā microorganism pathogenic, pono ka hapa nui o lākou e hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, a hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike biological ma kēia kumu, i hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano microorganisms like ʻole, a kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai ʻike.ʻO nā hana ʻike kuʻuna maʻamau ka microscopy smear, moʻomeheu kaʻawale a me ka hopena biochemical, a me ka moʻomeheu cell cell.

1 ʻO ka microscopy smear

He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā microorganism pathogenic a ʻo ka hapa nui he kala ʻole a translucent.Ma hope o ka ʻili ʻana iā lākou, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i ko lākou nui, ʻano, hoʻonohonoho, a me ke kōkua o kahi microscope.He mea maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa smear staining microscopic, a pili mau ia i kēlā mau maʻi microbial pathogenic me nā ʻano kūikawā, e like me ka maʻi gonococcal, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, maʻi spirochetal, etc. no ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana.ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolokolo photomicroscopic pololei, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i nā pathogens me nā ʻano kūikawā.ʻAʻole pono ia i nā mea hana kūikawā a me nā mea hana.He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā microorganism pathogenic i nā hale hana kumu.

2 Moʻomeheu hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hopena biochemical

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka moʻomeheu hoʻokaʻawale inā nui nā ʻano bacteria a pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o lākou.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o ka sputum, feces, koko, wai kino, etc. No ka mea e ulu a hoʻonui ka bacteria no ka manawa lōʻihi, pono kēia ʻano hoʻāʻo i kahi manawa., 'A'ole hiki ke ho'oponopono 'ia ma nā pū'ulu, no laila, ua ho'omau ka 'oihana lapa'au i ka noi'i 'ana i kēia, me ka ho'ohana 'ana i nā mea ho'oma'ama'a automated a me nā mea 'ike e ho'omaika'i ai i nā 'ano a'o ma'amau a ho'omaika'i i ka pololei o ka 'ike.

3 Moʻomeheu pūnaewele puni honua

ʻO ka nui o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele he chlamydia, virus, a me rickettsiae.No ka mea he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā cell tissue i nā pathogens like ʻole, ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o nā ʻiʻo mai nā microorganism pathogenic, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea ola e ka subculture.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā microorganism pathogenic i hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo no ka mahi ʻana e hōʻemi i nā loli pathological cell e like me ka hiki.Eia kekahi, i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā cell tissue, hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā microorganism pathogenic i nā holoholona koʻikoʻi, a laila hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pathogens e like me nā loli i nā ʻiʻo a me nā kino o nā holoholona.

02 ʻenehana hoʻāʻo genetic

Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pae o ka ʻenehana lapaʻau i ka honua, ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana ʻike biological molecular, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pono i nā microorganism pathogenic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka noi ʻana o nā ʻano morphological a me nā ʻano physiological o waho i ke kaʻina ʻike kuʻuna, a hiki ke hoʻohana i nā genes kūʻokoʻa.

1 ka hopena o ke kaulahao polymerase (PCR)

ʻO ka hopena kaulahao Polymerase (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) he ʻano hana e hoʻohana ana i nā kumu mua oligonucleotide i ʻike ʻia e alakaʻi a hoʻonui i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana gene e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana ʻike ʻole i loko o ka vitro.No ka mea hiki i ka PCR ke hoʻonui i ka gene e hoʻāʻo ʻia, kūpono loa ia no ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka maʻi pathogen, akā inā ʻaʻole kikoʻī nā kumu mua, hiki ke kumu i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.Ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana PCR i nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kona hilinaʻi mai ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano a hiki i ka cloning gene a me ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka loiloi genetic.ʻO kēia ʻano hana ke ʻano ʻike nui no ka coronavirus hou i kēia maʻi maʻi.

Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Foregene i ka pahu RT-PCR e pili ana i ka ʻenehana Direct PCR, no ka ʻike ʻana i nā genes 2 maʻamau, 3 genes, a me nā ʻano like ʻole mai UK, Brazil, South Africa, a me India, ka B.1.1.7 lineage (UK), B.1.351 lineage (ZA), B.1.617 lineage (IND) a me P.1 lineage (BR).

2 ʻenehana chip Gene

ʻO ka ʻenehana chip Gene e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana microarray e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana DNA kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻili paʻa e like me nā membrane a me nā ʻāpana aniani i kekahi kauoha a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma o nā robotics kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole synthesis in-situ.Me ka DNA probes i hōʻailona ʻia me nā isotopes a i ʻole fluorescence, a me ke kōkua o ke kumu o ka base complementary hybridization, ua hana ʻia ka nui o nā ʻenehana noiʻi e like me ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana chip gene i ka ʻike ʻana i nā microorganism pathogenic hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka manawa hōʻoia.I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke ʻike inā loaʻa i ka pathogen ke kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau kūʻē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e maʻalahi ai, i mea e hāʻawi ai i nā kuhikuhi no ka lāʻau lapaʻau.Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hana o kēia ʻenehana, a pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka naʻau o ka ʻike chip.No laila, hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka noiʻi ʻana a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana lapaʻau.

3 Nucleic acid hybridization technology

ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nucleic kahi kaʻina e hoʻohui ai nā kaula nucleotides me nā kaʻina hoʻohui i nā microorganism pathogenic i loko o nā cell e hana i nā heteroduplexes.ʻO ke kumu e alakaʻi ai i ka hybridization ka hopena kemika ma waena o ka nucleic acid a me nā probes e ʻike ai i nā microorganism pathogenic.I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻenehana hoʻololi hou i ka waika nucleic i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā microorganism pathogenic ka nui o ka waikawa nucleic in situ hybridization a me ka membrane blot hybridization.ʻO ka ʻakika nucleic in situ hybridization e pili ana i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā ʻakika nucleic i loko o nā pūnaeho pathogen me nā probes i hōʻailona ʻia.Membrane blot hybridization 'o ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mea hoʻokolohua i ka waikawa nucleic o ka cell pathogen, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hui pū ʻia me kahi kākoʻo paʻa, a laila hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻimi helu helu.Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana hoʻohui helu helu nā mea maikaʻi o ka hana maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki, a kūpono hoʻi no nā microorganism pathogenic koʻikoʻi a me ke kumu.

03 ʻO ka hoʻāʻo serological

Hiki i ka hoʻāʻo serological ke ʻike koke i nā microorganism pathogenic.ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka ʻenehana hoʻāʻo serological e ʻike i nā pathogens ma o nā antigens pathogen a me nā antibodies.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kelepona kahiko a me ka moʻomeheu, maʻalahi nā pae hana o ka hoʻāʻo serological.ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻike maʻamau ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka latex agglutination a me ka ʻenehana immunoassay pili i ka enzyme.Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana immunoassay pili i ka enzyme ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka naʻau a me ka kikoʻī o ka hoʻāʻo serological.ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻike wale i ka antigen i ka hōʻike hōʻike, akā ʻike pū kekahi i ka ʻāpana antibody.

I Kepakemapa 2020, ua hoʻopuka ka Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) i nā alakaʻi no ka hoʻāʻo serological no ka maʻi o COVID-19.

04 Ka ho'āʻo immunological

Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻike immunomagnetic ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale bead.Hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā maʻi pathogenic a me nā maʻi ʻole-pathogenic i nā pathogens.ʻO ke kumu kumu: ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microspheres magnetic bead e hoʻokaʻawale i ka antigen hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano like ʻole o nā pathogens.Ua hui pū ʻia nā antigens, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bacteria pathogenic mai nā pathogens ma o ka pane ʻana o ke kino antigen a me ke kahua magnetic waho.

ʻO nā wahi wela o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi pathogen-respiratory pathogen detection

Ke kūkulu ʻia nei ka "15 respiratory system pathogenic bacteria detection kit" a Foregene.Hiki i ka pahu ke ʻike i 15 mau ʻano bacteria pathogenic i ka sputum me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka waikawa nucleic i loko o ka sputum.Ma ke ʻano o ka pono, hoʻopōkole ia i ka 3 a 5 mau lā i 1.5 mau hola.