Ma Dekemaba 14, 2020, ua hōʻike ʻo United Kingdomhe ʻano hopohopo SARS-CoV-2 (VOC), ka hanauna B.1.1.7,i kapa ʻia ʻo VOC 202012/01 a i ʻole 20I/501Y.V1.* ʻO kaUa manaʻo ʻia ua puka mai ka ʻokoʻa B.1.1.7 i Kepakemapa2020 a ua lilo koke ʻo ia i mea hoʻolaha nuiʻO ka ʻokoʻa SARS-CoV-2 ma ʻEnelani (1).B.1.1.7 uaʻike ʻia ma luna o 30 mau ʻāina, me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.E like meo Ianuali 13, 2021, ma kahi o 76 mau hihia o B.1.1.7 i loaʻaua ʻike ʻia ma 12 mau mokuʻāina ʻAmelika.He nui nā laina hōʻikehōʻike i ka B.1.1.7 i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana ma mua o nānā ʻano ʻē aʻe SARS-CoV-2 (1–3).ʻO ke alahele hoʻohālike oHōʻike kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka US i ka ulu wikiwiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021,e lilo ana i mea koho nui ma Malaki.HoʻonuiHiki ke hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻoili ʻana o SARS-CoV-2 i ka mālama ola kinonā kumu waiwai, e koi i ka hoʻokō lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka ikaikao nā hoʻolālā olakino lehulehu (4), a hoʻonui i ka pākēneka oka palekana o ka heluna kanaka i koi ʻia no ka hoʻomalu maʻi maʻi.Lawe anaʻO nā hana e hōʻemi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēia manawa hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hikika hopena o ka B.1.1.7 a hāʻawi i ka manawa koʻikoʻi e hoʻonui i ka lāʻau lapaʻauka uhi ʻana.ʻO ka hui pū ʻana, hoʻonui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka genomichui pū ʻia me ka hoʻomau ʻana me ka lehulehu kūpononā hana olakino, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka hele kino,ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā masks, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka quarantinehe mea nui i ka kaupalena ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o SARS-CoV-2, ka maʻike kumu o ka maʻi coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).Kūleʻaka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā kānaka me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikiaka maʻi, e like me ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i ka SARS-CoV-2 a i ʻole i loaʻaka launa pū ʻana me ka lehulehu, hāʻawi i kekahika manawa e kaupalena ʻia ai ka hoʻolaha ʻana.

ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi genomic honua a me ka shar open-source wikiwikiUa maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaʻina genome viral kokoke i ka manawa maoliʻike, hoʻohālikelike, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o SARS-CoV-2nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i nā hana olakino lehulehu e hoʻomalu i kamaʻi maʻi maʻi.ʻOiai kekahi mau hoʻololi i ka genome viralpuka a hoʻi hope, hāʻawi kekahi i kahi advan kohotage i ka ʻokoʻa, me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka transmissibility, no lailaHiki i kēlā ʻano ʻokoʻa ke lanakila wikiwiki i nā ʻano like ʻole.

I ka wā mua o ka maʻi maʻi, nā ʻano like ʻole o SARS-CoV-2 i loaʻaka hoʻololi ʻana o D614G i ka protein spike (S) e hoʻonuiUa lilo koke ka avidity hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mea hoʻokipa ma nā mea he nuinā māhele ʻāina (5,6).I ka hopena o ka hāʻule ʻana o 2020, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāina he nuiʻO nā ʻano like ʻole SARS-CoV-2 e laha ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.Kahi mea hou aʻei ka ʻokoʻa B.1.1.7, loaʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kaulana i ka B.1.351ʻike mua ʻia ka laina ma ʻApelika Hema a me ka mea i ʻike ʻiaB.1.1.28 subclade (inoa inoa“P.1”) ʻike ʻia ma nā huakaʻi ʻehāmai Palakila i ka wā e nānā mau ana ma Haneda (Tokyo)kahua mokulele.§ Lawe kēia mau ʻokoʻa i kahi pūʻulu o ka genetic mutai loko o ka S protein receptor-binding domain,He mea nui ia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka angiotensin-cell host cell.ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka mea hoʻokipa enzyme-2 (ACE-2) e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi maʻikomo.Hōʻike nā hōʻike i nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i kēia mau meaHiki i nā ʻano like ʻole ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka transmissibility akāhiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana o kekahi diagnostic real-timehoʻopalekana hoʻohuli–ka hopena o ke kaulahao polymerase (RT-PCR)nā hoʻokolohua¶ a ho'ēmi i ka maʻalahi i ka neutralizing antibodies(2,3,5–10).Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike hihia hou i ka hihia mua oʻO SARS-CoV-2 reinfection ma Brazil me kahi ʻano SARS-CoV-2i loaʻa i ka mutation E484K, ** i hōʻike ʻiae ho'ēmi i ka neutralization e convalescent sera a me ka monoclonalantibodies (9,10).

Ke nānā nei kēia hōʻike i ka puka ʻana mai o ka ʻano like ʻole B.1.1.7ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ma Ianuali 12, 2021, ʻaʻole hoʻi kaUa ʻike ʻia ka B.1.351 a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano like ʻole P.1 ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.No ka ʻike e pili ana i ka puka ʻana mai o SARS-CoV-2nā ʻano o ka hopohopo, mālama ʻo CDC i kahi ʻaoʻao pūnaewele i hoʻolaʻa ʻia noka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole SARS-CoV-2.††

 B.1.1.7 hanauna (20I/501Y.V1)

Lawe ka ʻano ʻano B.1.1.7 i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka protein S(N501Y) e pili ana i ka conformation o ka receptor-bindingkāʻei kapu.Loaʻa i kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa he 13 B.1.1.7 lineage-defining mutations (Table), kekahi o ia mau mea i loko o ka protein S,me ka holoi ʻana ma nā kūlana 69 a me 70 (del69–70) kēlāua ulu wale ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe SARS-CoV-2 a ʻo iahypothesized e hoʻonui i ka transmissibility (2,7).ʻO ka holoi ʻanama nā kūlana 69 a me 70 ke kumu o S-gene target failure (SGTF)i loko o hoʻokahi RT-PCR–hoʻokumu i ka diagnostic assay (ʻo ia hoʻi, me kaThermoFisher Taq Path COVID-19 assay, the B.1.1.7 variant a me nā ʻano like ʻole me ka del69–70 hua mai i ka inohopena no ka S-gene target a he hopena maikaʻi no nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻenā pahuhopu);Ua lawelawe ʻo SGTF ma ke ʻano he koho ma United Kingdomno ka ʻike ʻana i nā hihia B.1.1.7 (1).Hōʻike nā laina he nui o nā hōʻike he ʻoi aku ka B.1.1.7hoʻouna maikaʻi ʻia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā SARS-CoV-2 ʻē aʻenā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻolaha ana ma United Kingdom.Nā ʻāina UK meʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻina B.1.1.7 i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka maʻi maʻika ulu ʻana ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā diagnoses me SGTFʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā diagnoses non-SGTF ma nā wahi like, a aʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilina i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi indexme nā maʻi B.1.1.7 ma mua o nā maʻi index i loaʻa i ka maʻinā ʻano ʻē aʻe (1,3).Hiki i ka Variant B.1.1.7 ke hoʻonui i ka pā USʻo ke alahele demic i nā mahina e hiki mai ana.E hōʻike i kēia hopena,ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike maʻalahi, ʻelua ʻokoʻa.ʻO ka laha ʻana o ka US i kēia manawa o B.1.1.7 ma waena o nā mea a pau e hoʻolaha neiʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā maʻi maʻi akā ua manaʻo ʻia he <0.5% ma muli o kahelu palena o nā hihia i ʻike ʻia a me ka ʻikepili SGTF (8).No ka meaʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike, ua komo nā manaʻo mua i kahi prevalence B.1.1.7o 0.5% ma waena o nā maʻi āpau, ka pale ʻana o SARS-CoV-2 maika maʻi mua o 10%–ʻO 30%, kahi hānau hānau manawahelu (R t ) o 1.1 (hoemi akā hoʻonui i ka hoʻouna ʻana)a i ʻole 0.9 (e hoʻemi ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana) no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēia manawa, a me kahi hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia he 60 mau hihia no 100,000 poʻe i kēlā me kēia lāIanuali 1, 2021. ʻAʻole hōʻike pololei kēia mau manaʻoi kekahi wahi US, akā, e hōʻike i ka generalization onā kūlana maʻamau a puni ka ʻāina.ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana i ka R t overka manawa ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka immunity a me ka hoʻonui prevaʻO ka lence o B.1.1.7, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia, me ka B.1.1.7 R t i manaʻo ʻiae lilo i 1.5 manawa mau i ka R t o na ano o keia manawa, ma muli onā kuhi mua mai ka United Kingdom (1,3).Ma hope aʻe, ua hoʻohālike ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻaume ka manaʻo ʻana he 1 miliona mau kano kano i hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēiaka lā e hoʻomaka ana ʻo Ianuali 1, 2021, a ʻo 95% ka palekanaua hoʻokō ʻia i nā lā 14 ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o 2 doses.ʻOiaʻiʻo,ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi me nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia manawa a i ʻole kaUa manaʻo ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole B.1.1.7, ʻoiai ka maikaʻi a me kaʻaʻole maopopo ka lōʻihi o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi,no ka mea, ʻaʻole kēia ka hopena mua o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻauno nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua.Ma keia kükohu, B.1.1.7 prevalence i initially haʻahaʻa, akā, no ka meaʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia manawa, hōʻike ʻiaka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2021, e lilo ana i ʻano nuiant i Malaki (Figure 1).ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana o kēia manawaKe piʻi nei nā ʻano like ʻole (R t = 1.1 mua) a i ʻole e emi mālie ana(ka hoʻomaka R t = 0.9) i Ianuali, B.1.1.7 hoʻokele i kahi loli nuii ka trajectory hoʻouna a me kahi māhele hou o ka exponentialulu ana.Me ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ana i ka maʻi, kaʻAʻole loli nā ala maʻi maʻi mua a hoʻolaha ʻo B.1.1.7aia nō (Figure 2).Eia naʻe, ma hope o B.1.1.7 lilo i kaʻano like ʻole, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kona hoʻouna ʻana.ʻO ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi kokokeʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa ma ke ʻano i hoʻoili ʻia aike emi iho nei (ka hoʻomaka R t = 0.9) (Kiʻi 2).Hooikaika mua iahiki ke kaupalena i ka laha ʻana o ka ʻano B.1.1.7, e like me ke ao holoʻokoʻa ahoʻonui i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻēmi olakino olakino,e hāʻawi i ka manawa hou no ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻokō i kahi kiʻekiʻeka palekana o ka lehulehu.

Kūkākūkā

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i nā hopena lapaʻaupili me nā ʻano like ʻole SARS-CoV-2;akā naʻe,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana e alakaʻi i nā hihia hou aʻe, e hoʻonui anaka heluna o na kanaka holookoa e pono ai ka malama lapaau, exacerke kau nei i ke kaumaha ma luna o kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ola kino,a ua nui ka make.Hoʻomau ka nānā ʻana i ka genomice ʻike i nā hihia B.1.1.7, a me ka puka ʻana o nā mea ʻē aʻeʻano o ka hopohopo ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he mea nui ia no kaCOVID-19 pane olakino lehulehu.ʻOiai nā hopena SGTFhiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hihia B.1.1.7 hiki ke hōʻoia ʻiama ke kaʻina ʻana, ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole i hōʻike ʻiaKe hilinaʻi wale nei ʻo SGTF i ka nānā ʻana ma muli o ke kaʻina.