Hoʻohana ka "nucleic acid" i ka "nucleic acid," e pili ana i nā mea e like me DNA a me RNA e mālama i ka ʻike genetic, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.Hāʻawi kēia i ka huli ʻana i nā molekole e like me ka mRNA a me ka miRNA ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā lāʻau antibody, a aia kahi manaʻo nui no kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki mai ana.Ke hana ʻia nei ka noiʻi ikaika ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau nucleic acid he mau pilikia e lanakila ai, me ka "(i) instability of nucleic acid molecules in the body," "(ii) concerns for adverse drug reactions," a "(iii) paʻakikī i ka ʻōnaehana lawe lāʻau (DDS).Eia kekahi, aia nā ʻoihana Iapana i hope i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau nucleic ma muli o ka monopolization o nā patent nui o ka nucleic acid e nā hui ma ʻEulopa a me US, e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Iapana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā lāʻau nucleic acid
ʻO "nā lāʻau lapaʻau nucleic acid" kahi ʻenehana ʻike lāʻau hou aʻe me kahi ʻano hana ʻokoʻa loa ma mua o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna.Hōʻike pū ia i ka hiki ke hana maʻalahi i nā molekala liʻiliʻi a me ka hiki ke hōʻike i ka pono a me ka palekana ma mua o nā lāʻau antibody.Ma muli o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, aia ka manaʻolana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau nucleic acid i ka maʻi kanesa a me nā maʻi hoʻoilina i paʻakikī mua ke mālama ʻia, a me nā maʻi e like me ka influenza a me nā maʻi viral.
Nā ʻano lāʻau nucleic acid
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau nucleic acid e hoʻohana ana i ka DNA a me ka RNA e pili ana i ka poʻe e kuhikuhi ana i nā ʻakika nucleic i ke kahua kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka protein mai ka genome DNA (e like me ka mRNA a me ka miRNA) a me nā mea e kuhikuhi ana i ka protein.
Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā lāʻau nucleic acid (nā lāʻau no ka prophylaxis a me ka mālama ʻana)
Aia nā lāʻau nucleic acid me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano e like me nā pahuhopu a me nā hana o ka hana.
| ʻAno | Kuhikuhi | Paena o ka hana | Mechanism o ka hana | Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo |
| siRNA | mRNA | I loko o ke kelepona (cytoplasm) | mRNA mahele | RNA kaulua me ka mahele o ka mRNA homologous i kake kaʻina (siRNA), ka lauoho lauoho RNA (shRNA), etc.me ka hopena e like me ke kumu o RNAi |
| miRNA | microRNA | I loko o ke kelepona (cytoplasm) | pani microRNA | RNA kaulua, miRNA o RNA lauoho lauoho hookahia hoʻohana ʻia kāna mimic e hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka miRNA deterioratedna pilikia |
| Antisense | mRNA miRNA | I loko o ke kelepona (i loko o ka nucleus, cytoplasm) | mRNA a me ka miRNA degradation, splicing inhibition | ʻO RNA/DNA i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mRNAa me ka miRNA e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka pale ʻana,a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka exon i ka wā e hoʻopili ai |
| Aptamer | Protein | Ma waho o ke keena | Hoʻopaʻa hana | ʻO RNA/DNA kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka protein i hoʻopaʻa ʻiama ke ʻano like me nā antibodies/DNA |
| Mea hoʻoheheʻe | Protein (ka mea unuhi) | I loko o ke kelepona (i loko o ka nucleus) | Kāohi palapala | DNA kaulua me ke kaʻina like i ka pae paʻano ka mea unuhi, e pili ana i ka mea unuhiʻo ka gene i hoʻopilikia ʻia e hoʻopau i ka gene i manaʻo ʻia |
| Ribozyme | RNA | I loko o ke kelepona (cytoplasm) | Māhele RNA | Hoʻokahi-stranded RNA me ka hana enzyme no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka ʻokio ka RNA pahuhopu |
| CpG oligo | Polokina (mea hoʻokipa) | ʻili pūnaewele | ʻO ka Immunopotentiation | Oligodeoxynucleotide me ke kumu CpG |
| 'ē aʻe | - | - | - | Laau nucleic acids 'ē aʻe ma mua o nā mea i helu ʻia ma luna nei e hana aie ho'ā i ka palekana kūlohelohe, e like me PolyI:PolyC (ʻālua-stranded RNA)a me ka antigen |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-25-2023
