I ka wā mua o ka laha, ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, ʻo ka maʻi wikiwiki o nā mea maʻi i manaʻo ʻia ke kī i ka pale ʻana iā COVID-19.Kekahi nucleic acid detection reagents i ka manawa hoʻomohala pōkole, a aia nā pilikia e like me ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana, lawa ʻole ka reagent optimization, a me nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā pūʻulu;ʻO nā pilikia o nā keʻena hana lapaʻau like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaʻina ʻike waika nucleic hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka pololei o nā hopena ʻike nucleic acid.E kālele ana kēia ʻatikala i nā loulou koʻikoʻi a me nā helu i ka ʻike ʻana o ka waika nucleic SARS-CoV-2 i kēia manawa, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā pilikia o ka hewa hewa a me ka maikaʻi o ka nānā hou ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka waika nucleic a me ka inconsistency.

Nā loina o ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection

ʻO SARS-CoV-2 kahi maʻi RNA me kahi kaʻina genome ma kahi o 29 kb, me 10 mau genes, hiki ke hoʻopili pono i nā protein 10.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi virus me ka RNA a me ka protein, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o waho he uhi waho i haku ʻia me nā lipids a me nā glycoproteins.I loko, hoʻopili ka protein capsid i ka RNA i loko, no laila e pale ai i ka RNA maʻalahi (P1).

P1 Kapili o SARS-COV-2

Hoʻopili nā mea hoʻomaʻi i nā pūnaewele ma o nā mea loaʻa i ka ʻili o ke kelepona e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi, a hoʻohana i nā cell host e hana hou.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻana i ka waika nucleic viral ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana i ka RNA viral ma o ka cell lysate, a laila hoʻohana i ka manawa maoli fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) no ka ʻike.

ʻO ke kī i ka loina ʻike ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā primers a me nā probes e hoʻokō i ka "hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia" o nā kaʻina nucleic acid, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ʻike i ke kaʻina nucleic acid o SARS-CoV-2 ʻokoʻa mai nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ma kahi o 30,000 mau kumu (ka like o ka nucleic acid me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe) "Low" wahi), hoʻolālā i nā primers a me nā probes.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā primers a me nā probes me ka wahi kikoʻī o SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, ʻo ia hoʻi, ikaika loa ka kikoʻī.I ka manawa kūpono ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka RT-PCR fluorescent maoli o ka laʻana e hoʻāʻo ʻia, hōʻike ia aia ʻo SARS-CoV-2 i ka laʻana.E nana P2.

P2 ʻanuʻu o ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid hoʻoholo (ʻoiaʻiʻo fluorescent RT-PCR)

Nā kūlana a me nā koi o ka hale hana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka waika nucleic SARS-CoV-2

ʻO nā laboratories hoʻāʻo nucleic acid ka mea kūpono loa no nā kaiapuni puʻuwai maikaʻi ʻole, a pono lākou e hoʻolohe i ka nānā ʻana i ke kaomi, mālama i ka ea, a hoʻopau i nā aerosol.Pono e loaʻa i nā limahana hoʻāʻo nucleic acid nā hōʻailona kūpono, e loaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaulahao polymerase kūpono a hele i ka loiloi.Pono e mālama pono ʻia ke keʻena hana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma kahi, a pāpā loa ʻia nā limahana pili ʻole mai ke komo ʻana.Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wahi maʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma kahi.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea pili i nā ʻāpana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻemaʻe a me ka lepo, hoʻololi ʻia i ka manawa, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma kahi.ʻO ka disinfection maʻamau: ʻO ka disinfectant i loko o ka chlorine ka hopena nui no nā wahi nui, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waiʻona 75% no nā wahi liʻiliʻi.ʻO kahi ala maikaʻi e hana ai i nā aerosol, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā puka makani no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka disinfection ea ma o nā kukuna ultraviolet, kānana, a me ka disinfection ea.

Nā loulou koʻikoʻi a me nā ʻāpana o ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid hoʻoholo (real-time fluorescent RT-PCR)

ʻOiai ke nānā nui nei nā laboratories i ka "detection" nucleic acid, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka "extraction" nucleic acid kekahi o nā ʻanuʻu nui no ka ʻike kūleʻa, pili loa i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona virus.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka lua o ka hana ʻana o ka hanu ʻana, e like me ka nasopharyngeal swabs, ʻo ia ka hopena inactivation (preservation) i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e pili ana i ka nucleic acid extraction a me lysis solution.Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hiki i kēia hopena mālama mālama virus ke denature i ka protein o ka maʻi, nalowale i kāna hana a ʻaʻole e maʻi hou, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ka lawe ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana;ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke haki pololei i ka maʻi e hoʻokuʻu i ka nucleic acid, hoʻopau i ka enzyme decomposing nucleic acid, a pale i ka maʻi.Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka RNA.

ʻO kahi hopena laʻana maʻi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ke kumu o ka hopena lysis hoʻoheheʻe nucleic acid.ʻO nā mea nui he paʻakai kaulike, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelating agent, guanidine salt (guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, a me nā mea'ē aʻe), anionic surfactant (dodecane) Sodium sulfate), cationic surfactant (tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-thixyoquinoline a me nā mea'ē aʻe.I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻano o nā pahu hoʻoheheʻe nucleic acid, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻokoʻa nucleic acid extraction a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe reagents.ʻOiai ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili o ka nucleic acid a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe reagent, ʻokoʻa nā kaʻina hana o kēlā me kēia pahu.

I kēia manawa, koho ʻia nā huahana nucleic acid detection kit i ʻae ʻia e ka National Medical Products Administration e pili ana i nā genes ORF1ab, E a me N i ka genome SARS-CoV-2.ʻOkoʻa nā loina ʻike o nā huahana like ʻole, akā ʻokoʻa kā lākou kumu mua a me nā hoʻolālā probe.Aia nā ʻāpana hoʻokahi (ORF1ab), nā ʻāpana ʻelua-target (ORF1ab, N a i ʻole E), a me nā ʻāpana ʻekolu (ORF1ab, N a me E).ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻike ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana, ka ʻili ʻana o ka waika nucleic a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa maoli ʻo RT-PCR e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kit kūpono, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hahai pono nā mea hoʻohana i ke ʻano wehewehe i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi no ka wehewehe.Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana maʻamau, nā kumu mua a me nā kaʻina noiʻi i hoʻonui ʻia e ka RT-PCR fluorescent manawa maoli ma P3.

P3 ʻO kahi o ka SARS-CoV-2 amplicon target ma ka genome a me ke kaʻina o nā primers a me nā probes

Ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena o ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid hoʻoholo (Real-TRT-PCR ime ka fluorescent)

ʻO ka "Pneumonia Prevention and Control Plan for SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Second Edition)" no ka manawa mua i wehewehe i nā pae hoʻoholo no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka gene.

1. ʻAʻohe Ct a i ʻole Ct≥40 ka hewa;

2. Ct<37 maikai;

3. ʻO ka waiwai Ct o 37-40 ka ʻāpana hina hina.Paipai ʻia e hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua.Inā ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hana hou ʻana i ka Ct<40 a me ka pihi hoʻonui ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka hāpana he maikaʻi, inā ʻaʻole ia he ʻino.

Ua hoʻomau ka paʻi ʻekolu o ke alakaʻi a me ka paʻi ʻehā o ke alakaʻi i nā pae i luna.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā pahuhopu like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā pahu kalepa, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka 3rd edition o ke alakaʻi i nā koina no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā pahuhopu, e hoʻoikaika ana i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana e lanakila.E hoʻomaka ana mai ka paʻi ʻelima o nā alakaʻi, ua wehewehe ʻia nā pahuhopu ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana no kahi pahuhopu hoʻokahi paʻakikī ke hoʻokolokolo.ʻO ia hoʻi, inā makemake ka hale hana e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o kahi hihia no ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau mea 1 o 2 mau kūlana:

(1) ʻElua mau pahuhopu o SARS-CoV-2 (ORF1ab, N) i ka laʻana like i hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻia e ka RT-PCR fluorescent manawa maoli.Inā maikaʻi ka pahuhopu hoʻokahi, koi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana.Inā maika'i ka hopena o ka ho'ā'o 'ana.

(2) Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻelua mau laʻana o ka RT-PCR fluorescent manawa maoli i ka hopena maikaʻi i ka manawa like a i ʻole ʻelua mau laʻana o ka ʻano like i hōʻike ʻia i kahi hopena hoʻokolohua maikaʻi, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he maikaʻi.Eia nō naʻe, ke kuhikuhi nei nā alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nucleic acid ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻalele i ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2.Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kumu e hiki ai ke hoʻopiʻi hewa ʻole, me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka laʻana (nā laʻana hanu mai ka oropharynx a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe), ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka laʻana i ke kakahiaka nui a i ʻole lohi paha, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā laʻana, lawe ʻia, a hoʻoponopono pono ʻia, a ua pilikia ka ʻenehana ponoʻī (ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maʻi, PCR inhibition), etc.

ʻO nā kumu o nā hewa hewa i ka ʻike SARS-CoV-2

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka "false negative" i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka waika nucleic e hopohopo nei i kēia manawa, e pili pinepine ana i nā "negatives wahaheʻe" kahi i kū ʻole ai nā hopena hoʻāʻo nucleic acid me nā hōʻike lapaʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hōʻailona maʻi a me nā hopena kiʻi i manaʻo nui ʻia o COVID-19, akā ʻo nā hoʻokolohua nucleic acid he mau "negative" i nā manawa he nui.Ua wehewehe ka Clinical Laboratory Center o ka National Health Commission i ka hoʻāʻo "false negative" SARS-CoV-2.

(1) Aia kekahi nui o ka maʻi maʻi i loko o nā keena o ka mea maʻi.Hōʻike nā ʻikepili i kēia manawa ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kino i ka maʻi, komo ka maʻi i ka puʻu ma o ka ihu a me ka waha, a laila i ka trachea a me ka bronchi, a laila hiki i ka alveoli.E ʻike ka mea maʻi i ka wā incubation, nā hōʻailona maʻalahi, a laila ke kaʻina o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, a me nā pae like ʻole o ka maʻi.A ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka maʻi virus ma nā wahi like ʻole o ke kino.

E pili ana i ka hoʻouka viral o nā ʻano cell, alveolar epithelial cell (lower respiratory tract)> airway epithelial cell (upper respiratory tract)> fibroblasts, endothelial cell, and macrophages, etc.;mai ke ʻano laʻana, ka wai holoi alveolar (ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi loa)>ka ʻuʻu hohonu> ka swab nasopharyngeal> ka swab oropharyngeal>koko.Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i nā feces.Eia nō naʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka hana a me ka ʻae ʻana o nā maʻi, ʻo ka oropharyngeal swab>nasopharyngeal swab>bronchial lavage fluid (hana paʻakikī) a me ka sputum hohonu (ka maʻamau maloʻo, paʻakikī ke loaʻa).

No laila, liʻiliʻi a haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka maʻi i loko o nā keʻena o ka oropharynx a i ʻole nasopharynx o kekahi mau maʻi.Inā lawe ʻia nā laʻana o ka oropharynx a i ʻole nasopharynx no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka waika nucleic viral.

(2) ʻAʻole i hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā cell i loaʻa i nā maʻi maʻi i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili laʻana, a i ʻole mālama pono ʻia ka waika nucleic viral.

[① Wahi ohi pono ole, no ka la'ana, i ka wa e ohi ai i ka oropharyngeal swabs, aole lawa ka hohonu o ka ohi ana, aole e ohi hohonu i ka nasopharyngeal swabs i ohiia, a pela aku.

②Hoʻohana hewa ʻia nā swabs sampling.No ka laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia nā fiber synthetic e like me PE fiber, polyester fiber a me polypropylene fiber no ka mea o ke poʻo swab.Hoʻohana ʻia nā fibers kūlohelohe e like me ka pulupulu i ka hana maoli (ka adsorption ikaika o ka protein a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke holoi ʻia) A me nā fila nylon (ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka lawa ʻole o ka sampling volume);

③Ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole ʻana i nā paipu hoʻopaʻa maʻi, e like me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i ka polypropylene a i ʻole polyethylene plastic storage tubes i maʻalahi ke komo i nā ʻakika nucleic (DNA/RNA), ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka waikawa nucleic i loko o ka hopena mālama.I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka plastic polyethylene-propylene polymer plastic a me kekahi mau pahu plastik polypropylene i mālama pono ʻia e mālama i nā waikawa nucleic viral.]

[① Wahi ohi pono ole, no ka la'ana, i ka wa e ohi ai i ka oropharyngeal swabs, aole lawa ka hohonu o ka ohi ana, aole e ohi hohonu i ka nasopharyngeal swabs i ohiia, a pela aku.

②Hoʻohana hewa ʻia nā swabs sampling.No ka laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia nā fiber synthetic e like me PE fiber, polyester fiber a me polypropylene fiber no ka mea o ke poʻo swab.Hoʻohana ʻia nā fibers kūlohelohe e like me ka pulupulu i ka hana maoli (ka adsorption ikaika o ka protein a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke holoi ʻia) A me nā fila nylon (ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka lawa ʻole o ka sampling volume);

③Ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole ʻana i nā paipu hoʻopaʻa maʻi, e like me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i ka polypropylene a i ʻole polyethylene plastic storage tubes i maʻalahi ke komo i nā ʻakika nucleic (DNA/RNA), ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka waikawa nucleic i loko o ka hopena mālama.I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka plastic polyethylene-propylene polymer plastic a me kekahi mau pahu plastik polypropylene i mālama pono ʻia e mālama i nā waikawa nucleic viral.]

(4) ʻAʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hana hoʻokolohua lapaʻau.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, ka hana maʻamau o nā laboratories clinical, ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hopena a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi nā kumu nui e hōʻoia i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o nā hopena hōʻike.Wahi a nā hopena o ka loiloi maikaʻi o waho i mālama ʻia e ka Clinical Laboratory Center o ka National Health Commission ma Malaki 16-24, 2020, o nā 844 laboratories i loaʻa nā hopena kūpono, 701 (83.1%) i kūpono, a ʻo 143 (16.9%) ʻaʻole.Maikaʻi, maikaʻi nā kūlana hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻokoʻa nā laboratories ʻokoʻa i ka hiki ke hana i nā limahana, ka hiki ke unuhi ʻōlelo maikaʻi hoʻokahi pahuhopu, a me ka mana maikaʻi.

Pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka hewa hewa o ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection?

ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe i ka ʻike ʻana i ka waikawa nucleic pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai nā ʻano ʻehā o ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻino hoʻopunipuni.

(1) Aia kekahi nui o ka maʻi maʻi i loko o nā keena o ka mea maʻi.ʻOkoʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ka maʻi ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino o ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia i ka maʻi i nā manawa like ʻole.Inā ʻaʻohe pharynx, aia paha i loko o ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe bronchial a i ʻole feces.Inā hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻano laʻana he nui i ka manawa like a i ʻole ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka holomua ʻana o ka maʻi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, E kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā mea hoʻopunipuni.

(2) Pono e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā kelepona i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili laʻana.Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia pilikia i ka nui ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā ʻohi hōʻailona.

(3) ʻO nā mea hoʻoponopono IVD hilinaʻi.Ma ka hana ʻana i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka loiloi hana ʻike ʻana o nā reagents ma ka pae aupuni, a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā pilikia e kū nei, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o nā reagents a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka naʻau o ka nānā ʻana.

(4) Hana maʻamau o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau.Ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā limahana limahana, e hoʻomaikaʻi mau i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka lab, e hōʻoia ana i nā māhele kūpono, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki o nā limahana ke ʻike, hiki ke hōʻemi i nā mea hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe ma muli o nā hana pono ʻole.

ʻO nā kumu no ka hōʻike hou ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test i nā mea maʻi i hoʻihoʻi ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

ʻO ka "COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition)" e ʻōlelo maopopo ana ʻo kekahi o nā koina no nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 e ho'ōla a hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka haukapila ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua mau mea hoʻoheheʻe hanu i kahi hōʻike nucleic acid maikaʻi ʻole (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 24 mau hola ma kahi kaʻawale), akā he liʻiliʻi loa.

(1) ʻO SARS-CoV-2 kahi maʻi maʻi hou.Pono e hoʻomaopopo hou i kona ʻano pathogenic, ke kiʻi piha o ka maʻi i hana ʻia a me nā ʻano o ka papa maʻi.No laila, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā maʻi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a mālama i ka nānā olakino 14-lā.E hoʻokō i ka hahai ʻana, ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino a me ke alakaʻi olakino e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hanana ʻana, ka ulu ʻana a me ka hopena o ka maʻi.

(2) Hiki ke ma'i hou i ka ma'i.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Academician Zhong Nanshan: No ka mea he mau antibodies ka poʻe maʻi i hoʻōla ʻia, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ʻo SARS-CoV-2 e nā antibodies ke hoʻouka hou lākou.Nui nā kumu, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka mea maʻi i hoʻōla ʻia, a i ʻole pili paha i ka mutation o ka maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole ke kumu o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hale hana.Inā ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻi ponoʻī, hiki i ka mutation SARS-CoV-2 ke kumu i ka antibody i hana ʻia e ka mea maʻi i hoʻōla ʻia i mea ʻole i ka maʻi mutated.Inā loaʻa hou ka maʻi i ka maʻi mutated virus, hiki ke hōʻoia hou ka nucleic acid.

(3) E pili ana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, aia nā palena o kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻāʻo.ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waikawa nucleic SARS-CoV-2 ma muli o ke koho ʻana o ke kaʻina gene, ke ʻano o nā reagents, ka naʻau o ke ʻano a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e alakaʻi ana i nā kits i loaʻa i kā lākou mau palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka mea maʻi, e emi ana ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ke kino.I ka wā ma lalo o ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka ʻike ʻana, ʻike ʻia kahi hopena "ʻino".Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole manaʻo kēia hopena ua nalowale loa ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ke kino.Aia paha ka maʻi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana.Resurgence", hoʻomau i ke kope.No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia e nānā i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule i loko o 2 a 4 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.

(4) ʻO ka waika nucleic ka mea genetic o ka maʻi.Ua pepehi ʻia ka maʻi ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka mea maʻi i ka lāʻau antiviral, akā ʻo ke koena o nā ʻāpana RNA viral i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka, ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke kino.I kekahi manawa, ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke mālama ʻia.ʻO ka manawa lōʻihi, a i kēia manawa ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka nucleic acid e "transient" maikaʻi.Me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o ka manawa hoʻihoʻi o ka mea maʻi, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā ʻāpana RNA koena i loko o ke kino, hiki i ka hopena hoʻāʻo nucleic acid ke hoʻololi ʻole.

(5) ʻO ka hopena hoʻāʻo nucleic acid o SARS-CoV-2 wale nō ke hōʻoia i ka hele ʻana a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o ka RNA viral, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hana o ka maʻi a inā hiki ke lawe ʻia ka maʻi.Pono e hōʻoia inā e lilo hou ka mea maʻi i loaʻa i ka hoʻāʻo nucleic acid i kumu o ka maʻi.Pono e hoʻokō i ka moʻomeheu virus ma nā hōʻailona lapaʻau a hoʻoulu i kahi maʻi "ola" e hōʻoia i ka maʻi maʻi.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid e hoʻāʻo i nā hewa hewa, hōʻike hou i nā mea maikaʻi, a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe i kū ʻole me nā hōʻike lapaʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia.Ma ka hoʻāʻo maoli ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, pono e hoʻohui i nā hōʻailona lapaʻau, nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi (CT) a me nā hoʻokolohua Laboratory ho'āʻo (nucleic acid test + virus-specific antibody test) nā hualoaʻa no ka hōʻoia piha e pale ai i ka hala ʻole a me ka misdiagnosis.Inā ʻike ʻia nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻaʻole i kūlike me nā hōʻike lapaʻau, pono ia e hana i kahi loiloi piha o ka loulou hoʻāʻo holoʻokoʻa (kahi hōʻiliʻili, hoʻoili a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā loulou) e kāpae i ka maʻi maʻi SARS-CoV-2 i ka maʻi mua, ka maʻi hou a i hui pū ʻia me nā maʻi maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe, etc.Inā ʻae nā kūlana, pono e hōʻiliʻili i nā laʻana maʻalahi e like me ka sputum a i ʻole ka wai holoi alveolar no ka nānā hou ʻana.

Nā huahana pili:

ʻO SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Multiplex PCR Fluorescent Probe Method)